What condition is marked by an abrupt decrease in renal filtration and increased serum creatinine and BUN?

The condition characterized by an abrupt decrease in renal filtration, accompanied by an increase in serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels, is acute renal failure, also known as acute kidney injury (AKI). This condition arises when there is a sudden decline in kidney function, which can result from various factors such as decreased blood flow to the kidneys, direct damage to kidney tissue, or obstruction of urinary flow.

In acute renal failure, the kidneys are unable to effectively filter waste products from the bloodstream, leading to a rapid accumulation of creatinine and urea. The serological changes occur quickly, often within hours or days of the initiating event, which is a key characteristic distinguishing it from chronic renal failure, where the decline in kidney function occurs over a longer duration.

Understanding the nature of acute renal failure is crucial for timely diagnosis and intervention in clinical settings, as it can lead to serious complications if not managed properly. Immediate recognition and treatment can help restore kidney function and prevent further organ damage.