What multi-system disease is associated with seizures, mental retardation, and facial angiofibromas?

Tuberous Sclerosis is a multi-system genetic disorder that is characterized by the development of numerous noncancerous tumors, also known as hamartomas, in various organs including the brain, kidneys, heart, and skin. The condition is caused by mutations in either of the TSC1 or TSC2 genes, which play a crucial role in regulating cell growth and proliferation.

One of the hallmark features of Tuberous Sclerosis is the presence of facial angiofibromas, which are red or pink lesions that appear on the face, particularly on the nose and cheeks. Additionally, many individuals with this disorder experience seizures due to the growth of tumors in the brain (cortical tubers) that can disrupt normal electrical activity. Mental retardation, now more commonly referred to as intellectual disability, is also associated with Tuberous Sclerosis due to the neurological impact of the cerebral lesions.

Considering these associations, Tuberous Sclerosis is the correct answer for the multi-system disease linked to seizures, mental retardation, and facial angiofibromas. The other conditions listed do not share the specific combination of these features. For instance, Multicystic dysplastic kidney primarily affects kidney development and would not typically present with