Which condition is a common cause of urinary obstruction in newborn males?

The condition that commonly causes urinary obstruction in newborn males is posterior urethral valve (PUV). This congenital anomaly arises from abnormal tissue in the posterior urethra that creates a valve-like obstruction, leading to difficulties in normal urine flow. As a result, the bladder can become distended, and urinary tract complications may develop, which can impact kidney function and overall urinary health.

It is important to note that this condition is particularly relevant in male infants, as the anatomy of the male urinary tract predisposes them to such obstructions. In contrast, the other conditions listed—angiomyolipoma, tuberous sclerosis, and medullary sponge kidney—are associated with other types of renal pathology or systemic issues but do not specifically lead to urinary obstruction in the same manner as posterior urethral valves do in newborn males.