Which disorder is characterized by calcium stone formation due to calcium metabolism issues?

Nephrocalcinosis is the disorder characterized by the formation of calcium stones due to abnormalities in calcium metabolism. This condition typically results from an increase in calcium levels in the urine (hypercalciuria) or other metabolic disorders that affect calcium regulation. The excess calcium can deposit in the renal tissue, leading to the development of stones within the kidneys.

In cases of nephrocalcinosis, imaging studies such as ultrasound may reveal echogenicity changes in the renal parenchyma due to these calcifications. This condition is often associated with various underlying health issues, such as hyperparathyroidism or renal tubular acidosis, which further contribute to the abnormal calcium metabolism.

The other disorders mentioned do not specifically relate to calcium metabolism in the same way. Nephronophthisis is a genetic disorder primarily affecting kidney function and structure, cystinosis involves the accumulation of cystine due to a transport defect, and renal colic refers to the pain caused by the obstruction of urine flow, often due to the presence of stones, but does not directly indicate a metabolic disorder related to calcium.