Which of the following is a common indication for performing an abdominal ultrasound?

An abdominal ultrasound is commonly indicated for a range of abdominal-related health concerns. Specifically, the evaluation of abdominal pain is crucial, as it helps to identify potential causes such as appendicitis, pancreatitis, or gallstones. Additionally, it's a valuable tool for assessing masses within the abdomen, allowing clinicians to determine the nature of lesions or tumors in organs including the liver, kidneys, and spleen.

Liver disease assessment is another key indication, as ultrasound can evaluate liver size, texture, and the presence of conditions such as cirrhosis or fatty liver disease. Furthermore, biliary tract disorders—including gallbladder stones, cholangitis, or bile duct obstructions—are effectively diagnosed through ultrasound imaging, which can visualize these structures without the need for invasive procedures.

In contrast, the other options pertain to health concerns that do not typically warrant an abdominal ultrasound. Headaches and dizziness relate more to neurological or vascular issues, while joint pain and swelling are evaluated using musculoskeletal imaging techniques or X-rays. Finally, cardiovascular issues are typically assessed with echocardiograms or other heart-specific imaging, rather than abdominal ultrasound. Therefore, option B encompasses the relevant indications pertaining to abdominal ultrasound procedures.